Neuroscience research is uncovering fresh ways to protect and repair the nervous system, drawing from immune pathways, metabolic drugs, and genetic regulators. TREM2, a receptor that helps brain immune cells clear toxic proteins, is emerging as a promising therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and ALS.
At the same time, real-world data suggest that diabetes drugs such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors may lower the risk of Alzheimer’s, adding weight to ongoing clinical trials. And in spinal cord injury, non-coding RNAs are gaining attention for their ability to guide axon growth, reduce inflammation, and support repair. Together, these diverse approaches highlight new directions for tackling neurodegeneration and restoring neural function.
1. TREM2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
TREM2, a receptor on microglia, helps control brain inflammation and protein clearance—processes central to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, and other neurodegenerative diseases. When dysregulated, it accelerates damage, but targeting TREM2 signaling shows promise for therapies aimed at restoring balance and protecting neurons.
2. Real‐world observations of GLP‐1 receptor agonists and SGLT‐2 inhibitors as potential treatments for Alzheimer’s disease
Large-scale real-world data suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors, common diabetes medications, are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease compared to DPP-4 inhibitors. While not proof of causality, these findings strengthen the case for ongoing clinical trials exploring their potential neuroprotective effects.
3. NcRNAs: a potential treatment for spinal cord injury
This review shows how miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs steer axon growth, inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis after SCI—spotlighting targeted ncRNA and exosome-based strategies as promising therapeutic paths.
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